Latest Tips & Tricks, Softwares

The 10+ Mistakes Linux Newbies Make

If you're a new desktop user, most chance that you can make plenty of mistakes. And if you new to Linux, the chances of mistake will be increase. But knowing which mistakes to avoid, from the start, helps prevent a LOT of frustration. I’ve handled the topic of mistakes new Linux admins make, but never those of desktop users. Here are some of the most common Linux desktop mistakes I see new users make.

1: Assuming they are using Windows
Although this might seem way too obvious, it’s not. The average user has no idea there are even different operating systems to be had. In fact, most average users couldn’t discern Windows XP from Vista from 7 (unless they are certain Windows 7 was “their idea”). Because of this, new users might believe that everything works (or doesn’t work, as the case may be) as it does in Windows. Make your end users aware that they are using a different operating system — and that it works differently.
2: Trying to make exe files work
Unless you have done your homework and installed WINE, double-clicking those .exe files simply won’t do anything. And when that happens, your end users are going to be upset. I have seen many an end user download an app made for Windows assuming that it will work for Linux. Make it clear to users that Linux, like Windows, will only run applications made for that operating system. This, of course, is tossed out the window when WINE is involved. But new users won’t be using WINE anyway.
3: Choosing the wrong distribution
One of the biggest problems for users is choosing the wrong distribution. Imagine being a new user and selecting Gentoo or Slackware or Fedora! Yes those are all good distributions, but any of them would send a new user running away in fear. If you are in the initial stages of helping a new user out, do yourselves both a favor and choose the distribution carefully. Consider the user’s ability, needs, and hardware before you make that selection. Don’t just jump on board Ubuntu because everyone says you should. A lot of distributions out there are made specifically for new users. Give them all a close examination before making the choice.
4: Not finding software
Because so many new Linux users are migrating from Windows, they think software can be had from the same channels. Most of the time, this is not the case. The new user needs to become familiar with their package management tools right away - especially tools like Synaptic, Packagekit, and Ubuntu Software Center. Each of those tools is a mecca of software where users can most likely find all the applications they need.
5: Sending OpenOffice documents to Microsoft Office users in the default format
I see this so often. New Linux users are proud of the strides they have made but dumbfounded (and sometimes turned back to Windows) because the people they share files with can’t read their formats. Remember, Microsoft products are not good at getting along with other operating systems and other applications. Make sure your new users are saving in file formats that are readable by the Microsoft equivalents.
6: Avoiding the command line
I can’t, for the life of me, figure out why people completely avoid the command line as if it is the most complex tool there is. I know people who can work absolute magic with Photoshop but can’t seem to type a simple rm command at the command line. Why this is I will never know. New users shouldn’t shy away from the command line. Knowing the command line isn’t essential anymore, but it will make them more capable users.
7: Giving up too quickly
Here’s another issue I see all too often. After a few hours (or a couple of days) working with Linux, new users will give up for one reason or another. I understand giving up when they realize something simply doesn’t work (such as when they MUST use a proprietary application or file format). But seeing Linux not work under average demands is rare these days. If you see new Linux users getting frustrated, try to give them a little extra guidance. Sometimes getting over that initial hump is the biggest challenge they will face.
8: Thinking the Windows directory hierarchy translates to Linux
There is no C: in Linux. Nor do you use the “” character. Nor should you use spaces in filenames. These are common mistakes new users make. Trying to map out Windows to Linux, directory for directory, is impossible. You can get as far as C: = / and maybe Default User = ~/, but beyond that you’re out of luck. Make sure new users understand that everything starts at / and their most important directory is their home directory (aka ~/ aka /home/USERNAME/).
9: Skipping updates
I have been burned with Windows updates many times. Need I bother mentioning the update from Explorer 7 to Explorer 8? Very rarely has a Linux update fubar’d a system of mine. In fact, I can’t remember the last time it has. So I am always up to date on my systems… and with good reason. Those updates bring new security patches and features to software and should be applied. Having an installation with a security
hole is not what your users need, especially on a machine that houses important information.
10: Logging in as root
I really shouldn’t have to say this. But just in case, be sure to tell your users DON’T LOG IN AS ROOT! But… just in case they must… DON’T LOG IN AS ROOT! Instead, have them open up a terminal window and either “su” to root or use “sudo”. And just in case you didn’t hear me the first time, DON’T LOG IN AS ROOT!
11: Losing windows to the pager
The pager is one of the handiest features of the Linux desktops. But over and over, I’ve seen that new users don’t quite understand what the pager is for and what it does. Because of this, they will “lose” their windows from the desktop. Where did it go? It was there a moment ago! I guess it crashed. No. More than likely, they moved it to another desktop. Another desktop? You see where this is going? Help the new user understand what the pager is and how useful it can be.
12: Ignoring security because it’s Linux
A big part of me still wants to boast and say, “In the 12 years I have used Linux, I have never once had a virus or worm or been hacked.” Although that is true, it doesn’t mean I should ignore security. I have witnessed the effects of a rootkit on a Linux machine. They aren’t pretty and data will be lost. Tell your users that they can’t ignore security just because they’re using Linux. Security is crucial, regardless of the OS.

This article is also available as a PDF download (http://downloads.techrepublic.com.com/abstract.aspx?docid=1739677).
Source (http://blogs.techrepublic.com.com/10things/?p=1507).

Linux Mint 9 ?Isadora? Final Released

Linux Mint 9 “Isadora” Final has been released today and available for download. Linux Mint 9 now offers more than 30,000 software in package, and you can review applications form Software manager, APT daemon, new transparent menu, better look and feel, a faster boot and lots more bug fixed and improvements.


New features at a glance:

* New Software Manager

o 30,000 packages
o Review applications straight from the Software Manager
o APT daemon
o Visual improvements

* New Backup Tool

o Incremental backups, compression, integrity checks
o Backup/Restoration of the software selection

* Menu improvements

o Editable items
o Transparent menu
o Always start with favorites
o “Add to” shortcuts

* Desktop settings

o Changes apply immediately
o Additional options

* Better look & feel

o Backgrounds
o Welcome screen
o Update Manager

* System improvements

o Windows installer
o Husse quotes
o USB Creator
o Default software selection
o Local repository and Gnome-PPP
o Apt hold/unhold/held commands

* Project changes

o Community Website
o CD & DVD
o Community Editions
o OEM installation disks
o USA/Japan distributors disks
o 32 & 64-bit

* Upstream improvements

o Faster boot
o Long Term Support


System requirements for Linux Mint 9:

* x86 processor (for both 32 & 64-bit versions)
* x86_64 compatible processor (for the 64-bit version)
* 512 MB of system memory (RAM)
* 3 GB of disk space for installation
* Graphics card capable of 800×600 resolution
* CD-ROM drive or USB port

Download Linux Mint 9 Isadora:
Linux Mint 9 is available for download in 32 and 64-bit via torrent and HTTP as:

* A live CD
* A live DVD (containing the same software as the live CD plus Sun Java 6, VLC, OpenOffice.org-base, F-Spot, Samba, additional wallpapers and ttf-dejavu)
* OEM installation disks (for manufacturers, to pre-install Linux Mint 9 on computers without setting up a user account)
* US/Japan distribution disks (for magazines, companies and distributors in the USA, Japan and countries where the legislation allows patents to apply to software and distribution of restricted technologies may require the acquisition of 3rd party licenses)

To Download Linux Mint 9 visit the download page (http://www.linuxmint.com/download.php).

Upgrade instructions:

* To upgrade from a previous version of Linux Mint follow these instructions (http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/2).
* To upgrade from Linux Mint 9 RC, simply apply any level 1 and 2 updates (if any) available in the Update Manager.

Linux Mint 9: An Overview of the New Features

Linux Mint is a one the best Linux distribution available. I personally using it with a great experience. Here some features that will you see in upcoming Linux Mint 9 version. These features that are developed specifically for Linux Mint.



System

* USB-Creator will be added to the default software selection.
* apturl will be added to the system.
* In memory of Husse, a new fortune database gathering his best quotes will be added to the pool of random messages that appear when you open a terminal.
* apt is getting three more commands: “apt hold ”, “apt unhold ” and “apt held”. These commands are shortcuts to “echo hold | dpkg –set-selections”, “echo install | dpkg –set-selections” and “dpkg –get-selections | grep hold”.

Menu

* You can now edit items directly from the menu. If you want to change the name, the icon, the description or even the command for a particular application, just right-click on it and select “Edit Properties”.
* If your graphics card allows it (you need compositing for this to work), you can change the transparency of the menu. Go in the preferences, select the “Options” tab and change the percentage of opacity.
* There are two new context menu item to let you easily add shortcuts to the panel or the desktop.
* An option which you can enabled to “always start with the favourites”.

Update Manager

* The brown lock icons are gone. We’re replacing them with white shields. They look better and their meaning is a little more obvious.
* You’ll only see an error icon when something is actually wrong, for instance if your software sources are malformed. If the Update Manager isn’t able to assess the status of your updates (say there’s no connection to the Internet, or another APT application is running) it won’t consider it an error. In simple words, you won’t be seeing a broken lock or an error icon unless something needs fixing.

Community Website
Although it’s not part of the Linux Mint 9 release itself, it’s development and its announcement will be in sync with Isadora. It will also replace the current Software Portal and act as the Web equivalent to the new Software Manager.

* You can submit, comment and vote ideas to improve the distribution.
* The Hardware Database shows you what hardware works out the box with Linux Mint. It’s particularly useful if you want to go shopping and you’re wondering about compatibility. If you’ve got problems with a particular device, the Hardware Database also shows you which other users own that device, how did they make it work and how you can contact them if needed.
* The Software Portal shows all the packages available in the repositories. You can browse them by categories, rate them, review them, and even submit a screenshot.

Software Manager
The Software Manager, mintinstall, was rewritten from scratch. It features the best ideas from the original mintinstall, Gnome App-Install and the new Ubuntu Software Center. It’s also much more efficient than the previous version, handling 30,000+ packages and asynchronous installation/removal of applications in less than 1,000 lines of code.

* It’s package-centric and it now features all the packages available on your system. That’s about 30,000 packages to choose from, compared to around 300 in the current version of mintinstall.
* It uses and monitors the APT daemon, so when you click on the “install” button it just queues your action and processes it in the background. At any time you can see all on-going actions, their progress and you can even cancel them.
* It’s completely asynchronous and independent from APT. Say you’ve decided to install 20 applications, your queue is full of progress bars and it’s going to take time before it’s all finished. Well, nothing is stopping you from closing the Software Manager. The actions will go on in the background. And if you ever decide to launch the Software Manager again, just to see what’s going on and what hasn’t been installed yet, you can. The queue will appear and inform you of the remaining ongoing processes.
* The GUI is radically different. It’s inspired from the Ubuntu Software Center and it uses the Webkit engine to render parts of the interface in HTML/CSS. Everything is single-click. You can browse categories, applications, screenshots and even websites from the comfort of a single window.

In-development
All the improvements above are will be part of Linux Mint 9. Most of them are implemented and those which are not will be added very soon. We’re also planning on some other improvements, which, if everything goes according to schedule, should make it into Linux Mint 9 as well:

* The ability to review applications directly from the Software Manager
* Lesser and better suggestions in the Menu
* Improved layout in the Menu
* Brand new artwork (we’re experimenting with metal-looking themes and there are improvements planned for the Shiki theme as well)
* New modules in the community website: blog, tutorials, FAQ

Upstream
It’s too soon to talk about what’s going on upstream but you can expect faster boot, the release will be an LTS release, there’s going to be many little improvements in Gnome itself and of course we’re getting a new kernel. I saw the controversy about the position of the window buttons in Ubuntu 10.04. There’s no plan to change anything in Linux Mint, we’re happy with the buttons staying on the right-hand side and away from the File, Edit, View menus.


source:mintblog (http://www.linuxmint.com/blog/?p=1335)

How To Lock Folder without any Software

Sometimes you have been asking for an alternative way to lock folders without the use of any alternative software. It’ll 5 steps ahead only, check now!
ø In Notepad copy the code below.
ø The default password is “everything4all”. Change your password in the code, where it shown as everything4all. Password may be any combination of alpha or/and numeric.
ø Save this file as “locker.bat”.
ø Now double click on locker.bat.
ø I t will create a folder named: Locker with automatic lock. After creation of the folder, place the contents (your files & folders) you wants to lock inside the Folder and double click locker.bat again. It will ask to lock the folder Y/N. If you press y then it will lock the folder and your folder will be hide. To unlock run again locker.bat, it will ask to enter password, type in correct password and you can see your folder back.
ø Please don’t change anything except password, otherwise this lock may does not work.
èèèèèèèèèèCode starts line belowèèèèèèèèèèèè
cls
@ECHO OFF
title Folder Locker
if EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" goto UNLOCK
if NOT EXIST Locker goto MDEVERYTHING4ALL
:CONFIRM
echo Are you sure to Lock this folder? (Y/N)
set/p "cho=>"
if %cho%==Y goto LOCK
if %cho%==y goto LOCK
if %cho%==n goto END
if %cho%==N goto END
echo Invalid choice.
goto CONFIRM
:LOCK
ren Locker "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
echo Folder locked
goto End
:UNLOCK
echo Enter password to Unlock Your Secure Folder
set/p "pass=>"
if NOT %pass%== everything4all goto FAIL
attrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" Locker
echo Folder Unlocked successfully
goto End
:FAIL
echo Invalid password
goto end
:MDEVERYTHING4ALL
md Locker
echo Locker created successfully
goto End
:End
çççççççççççCode ends line aboveçççççççççççç

Mini Commander

Mini Commander is a excellent and free File Manager for Java mobile phones. The latest version is more stable and contains many bug fix and new features. Mini Commander features like full control on managing files, cut, copy, paste, delete, change or view attributes, image viewer, jar file viewer, nokia theme NTH viewer, zip and unzip support, audio and video playback support, text viewer and editor, bookmarks, bluetooth file transfer support and lots of advanced features.
What's new in version 4.2

~Multiple file renaming. Works as follows: if selected only one file, then rename the form displays the name of the file, if neskolno selected files, then rename the output in the form of a mask default "[N]. [E]". In the mask can set the following parameters: [N] - the file name without the extension, [E] - the file extension, [C] - counter the starting from scratch.
~Search and replace in a text editor.
~The function "Clear" in a text editor when redaktirovnii block.
~Sorting bookmarks alphabetically.
~Setting speed of scrolling of long file names in the panels. After changing
want to restart the program.
* In the audio player three modes of play: random, with repetition (the circle),
no repeat (up to the last file). Toggle buttons "3".
~Fixed search for Bluetooth-enabled devices.
~Other minor fixes.
~Updating the current folder on.
~Unpack the archive under the cursor in the current folder or in a folder with the name of the archive (via the main menu).
~Conservation in the list of those Bluetooth devices to which you
connection.
~Is improved support for touch screens. The inclusion of a touch mode
happens automatically when you touch the screen. Also added to the panel
virtual keys in the windows, where it is needed. Rotate the panels in the regime
touch screen is disabled.
~Fixed bug where after copying files between archives in
subfolder, it was impossible to remove the copied files.
~Fixed a bug with hanging settings, if they had been given a password.
File extensions that are supported MiniCommander 4.2.
Pictures:
. JPG. JPEG. GIF. PNG. BMP. WBMP

Archives ZIP:
. ZIP. JAR. NTH (you can add your own)

Audio:
. MP3. MID. MIDI. AAC. WMA. AMR. IMY. BAS. M4A. WAV. WAVE

Videos:
.3GP. MP4 (you can add your own)

Warning Playback of all formats is not guaranteed! Java-machine your
phone must also be able to play!

MiniCommander 4.2 Term in Support to Microsoft DOS Commands:

attrib [+ R |-R] [+ W |-W] [+ H |-H] [path] mask
Setting file attributes on a mask. The "+" - sets an attribute, the sign "-" - removes the attribute.
Attributes: R - Read, W - write, H - hidden
No attribute displays the current.

chdir [path]
cd [path]
Change the current folder in the path. No parameters displays the current page. By default the current directory is where he was running bat file.

dir [path] [mask]
Displays files in a folder path or the current in accordance with mask mask. If the mask is not specified, it will withdraw all the files.

cls
Clear screen.

pause [milliseconds]
Pause in milliseconds. No parameters - expected keystrokes.

set_pause [milliseconds]
Installing a pause after the withdrawal of each line. Default - 0.

rem [comment]
Commentary.

: label
Tag for the transition.

goto label
Go to the label.

if [not] exist [path | filename] goto label
Checks existence of file / folder. If there is - go to the specified tag. When you use "not" - if the transition does not exist.

mkdir [path]
md [path]
Create a folder.

rmdir [path]
rd [path]
Deleting a folder and all its contents.

echo on | off
Switching on / off output of commands.

echo [comment]
Conclusion commentary.

exit
Conclusion of the shell.

del [/ F] [/ S] [path /] mask
erase [/ F] [/ S] [path /] mask
Deleting files. If the mask is not specified, but only the path, then delete all files. With the switch / F also removed and folders. When you specify a key / S is to delete all files on a mask and subfolders, but the folders are not removed.

copy [path1] mask path2
Copying files from a folder path1 in path2. If the mask is not specified, but only the path, then copy all the files.

move [path1] mask path2
Moving files from a folder path1 to path2. If the mask is not specified, but only the path, then move all the files.

rename [path] file1 file2
ren [path] file1 file2
Rename the file or folder. (Renaming a mask does not work!)

waitkey 0 [1] [2] ... [9] goto label0 [label1] ... [label9]
Waiting for keystrokes and then move to the appropriate label.

Others, that it must be remembered:
The batch file must have the extension .bat
If before the team put the @ symbol, it will not appear (only the results).
The symbol "*" in a mask means any sequence of characters in length not less than one.
The symbol "?" a mask means any single character.
Masks "*.*" and "*" will yield the same result.
Relative paths using "." and ".." not allowed. Use absolute path.
Interrupt the execution of shell command line by pressing the key "0", but during file operations, interruption of work will be done only after processing the current file.
Large and small letters in the mask are identical.
Free Direct Download links to MiniCommander 4.2 Java:
1. JAD: MiniCommander 4.2.jad
(http://www.plunder.com/c/Mini-Commander-jad-download-e30f7e2950.htm) (a certificate signed by Thawte).
2. JAR: MiniCommander 4.2.jar
(http://www.plunder.com/c/Mini-Commander-4-2-jar-download-9ba85b0641.htm) (234 KB)
3. Colors: MiniCommander 4.2.bin
(http://www.plunder.com/c/Mini-Commander-Colors-bin-download-78f573e05f.htm) (Mini Commander Colors skin in black pink combination created by mannuforall. Just open it in MiniCommander to apply)